Noise pollution is a significant environmental issue, leading to various auditory and nonauditory health problems. Traffic noise, particularly in urban areas of developing nations like India, is a major contributor to this pollution. The heterogeneous transportation system and prevalent honking have significantly altered the noise climate in these countries. This chapter explores the conventional and psychoacoustical approach to assess the traffic noise scenario in these countries. It examines conventional methods of traffic noise assessment, including traffic noise modeling, noise mapping, and noise annoyance modeling. Additionally, the chapter introduces the “soundscape” approach, which is based on the psychoacoustic approach focused on perception of sound by receivers. It is observed that noise levels in India are considerably higher on the Indian urban street typically ranging between 73 and 86 dB. There is a need to reconsider European noise mitigation standards when applying it to the Indian context. The noise annoyance model is an effective way to understand the impact of traffic noise exposure, which also needs to consider the noise sensitivity and other sociodemographic details of the listeners. Furthermore, the psychoacoustic and soundscape approaches are identified as more human-centric methods for assessing the impact of these noise levels on the community.