This survey paper explores the integration of blockchain technology into Ration Distribution Systems (RDS) and its potential to address long-standing challenges. It begins by explaining blockchain technology and its various types. The paper then meticulously examines the persistent issues in traditional ration distribution systems, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of adopting blockchain solutions. Real- world examples, such as India's blockchain-based PDS and the World Food Program’s “Building Blocks'’ initiative, demonstrate how blockchain can enhance transparency, traceability, security, and operational efficiency in ration distribution. The paper highlights the benefits of integrating blockchain, including improved transparency, traceability, security, and operational efficiency. It also discusses architectural aspects and practical applications of smart contracts within blockchain integration. The importance of permissioned blockchains and user-friendly interfaces is emphasized. Challenges in adopting blockchain technology, such as scalability, privacy, and adoption barriers, are identified. The authors suggest future research directions, including incorporating IoT and AI, pursuing interoperability, sustainability initiatives, and designing user-centric interfaces. This comprehensive analysis serves as a roadmap for creating more equitable, secure, and efficient ration distribution systems worldwide.