Flume Study on Evolution of Bed-Form and Near Bed Flow Dynamics on a Gently Sloping Fine Sand Bed Under the Influence of Pure Waves
摘要
Changes in coastal bed form due to a persistent high-energy ocean environment dominated by waves led to a significant variation in overall flow characteristics resulting from modulation of the pressure coefficients, i.e., drag and lift force. These factors impact the construction of artificial coastal structures. Intense scientific knowledge of bed-form changes and flow wave turbulence caused by ocean waves is necessary for improving civil engineering methods in designing structures in gently sloping surf zones. The current study seeks to understand the fundamental turbulence features of ocean waves in the surf zone and measure their impact on sediment transport, bed alteration, and the development of primary sediment structures such as ‘ripple marks.’ Flume studies were done on a fine sand bed with a gentle slope under conditions of pure wave flow. Examining the variations in grain size distribution along the slope shows notable differences in the sediment composition of the non-cohesive fine sand used. Geometric dimensions of ripples were measured at various positions on slopes and a horizontal plane while they were in equilibrium. Strong correlations were found between wave properties and the spatial organization of ripples. The study shows significant alterations in turbulence characteristics near the bed as it interacts with the varying shapes of the mobile bed. The data obtained, and the observed ripple morphology showed a substantial association between wave characteristics, the location on the sloping bed, and the geometric dimensions of the ripple markings.