Development plans in several countries are increasingly incorporating environmental challenges and viewing them as a priority. The global trend bets on a development project based on the premises of sustainability. It is paramount to adopt public policies, which focus on environmental innovations or eco-innovations, in addition to considering the specificities of each country. This chapter highlights the Brazilian case, due to the countless potentialities in its biodiversity and environmental characteristics. The bioeconomy presents itself as a valuable opportunity for the country’s development by strengthening the RD&I efforts to ensure the growth of the economy with sustainability and offers significant opportunities for innovation and establishing sustainable jobs. Brazil’s strong scientific capacity and advantages in areas associated with biodiversity and innovations provide a crucial and urgent window of opportunity. The country carries enormous advantage with gigantic market potential when combining environmental conservation and development. To follow this path, it is essential that governmental initiatives promote activities valuing biodiversity, which present environmental and ecological balance and generate occupation and income, as well as encourage competitiveness between companies that operate sustainably. Brazil has created institutions aimed at environmental protection; nevertheless, those institutions were under attack and the setbacks have been delivered fast and intensely in the president Bolsonaro’s mandate. The country needs fight against the dismantling of institutions historically created to protect the environment. Given this immense bioeconomic potential, it is paramount that Brazil establishes a “green” innovation policy based on the principles of sustainability and strengths the innovation systems in the direction of the global sustainability trend thus taking full advantage of the potentialities it already has.