This chapter discusses the evolution of Federal Expenditure on Research and Development in Brazil in the last 10 years. A comparison between the two different National Strategies for Science, Technology and Innovation that were in force in the period of analysis is presented considering these expenditure and the main guidelines. The main points to be highlighted are related to the loss of importance of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, which can be seen even in budgetary terms, and the fundamental role of society in restoring the budget for science, technology and innovation from 2022.