India is a major innovation country in the South Asian subcontinent, and its economy has grown rapidly in recent years. With the commitment and support of the government, India’s science, technology and innovation (STI) capabilities have continued to improve, and its ranking in the Global Innovation Index has climbed from the 81st place in 2015 to the 40th place in 2022. India’s R&D output has continued to grow. The average annual growth rate of scientific research papers in the past 10 years is 8.24%, which is much higher than the global average of 4.1%; the number of patent grants has increased significantly. In 2021, the number of patent grants accounted for 49.66% of all patent filings. India has a world-leading scientific and technological edge in information technology, biomedicine, aerospace, energy and fields. India has already started to participate in the top-level design of global governance and play a unique role in some important global institutions. With the increasing emphasis of the Indian government on STI and the implementation of various supporting measures, as well as the further stabilization of STI cooperation mechanisms between India and countries, India still has great potential for further development in STI.