While the hepatic artery provides more than 90% of the blood supply to liver cancer, the portal vein only supplies a small amount of blood to the peripheral parts and capsule of the tumor. In contrast, 70–75% of the blood supply to normal liver tissue comes from the portal vein, while only 25–30% originates from the hepatic artery, which provides the anatomical and theoretical basis for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). At the same time as blocking blood flow to the tumor and inducing tumor necrosis, TACE can deposit chemotherapy drugs in and around the tumor, thus promoting local chemotherapy to the tumor. The global BRIDGE study demonstrated that TACE is the most widely used treatment in primary liver cancer patients of all stages and has an important role in managing primary liver cancer. In 2002, a randomized controlled study by Llovet et al. confirmed that, compared to the best supportive care, TACE can prolong survival of the patients with unresectable liver cancer and is the recommended first-line treatment for intermediate-stage liver cancer by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. According to the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China (2017 Edition), TACE is indicated for liver cancer of stages Ib–IIIb. Meanwhile, TACE can be used to downstage liver cancer to make subsequent radical treatment possible. Based on Xin JIN and Jiahong DONG et al.’s analysis of 58 cases of large liver cancer receiving TACE for downstaging in 2011, some large liver cancers can be successfully treated by radical resection and liver transplantation following TACE downstaging with satisfactory long-term prognosis. In addition, TACE can also be used as an adjuvant therapy after radical resection of liver cancer. In 2005, Tao XI and Feng SHEN performed prophylactic TACE after liver resection, showing the ability of prophylactic TACE to significantly reduce the postoperative recurrence rate within 2 years. Later, in 2008, Tianhao WANG and Jia FAN et al. analyzed the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant TACE on survival after radical resection of massive primary liver cancer. They found that postoperative adjuvant TACE prolonged long-term survival and this change was more prominent in high-risk patients with residual tumors.