Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are high-capacity, high-speed distributed wireless networks. WMNs have typically been based on radio-frequency communication, but with increasing demand for various services, wireless networks are facing enormous challenges in terms of bandwidth and transmission rate. Solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) communication is an ideal transmission medium for WMNs because of its capacity for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication, low eavesdropping rate, 24-h operation, and high-speed transmission. Existing WMN routing algorithms do not have uniform evaluation criteria because of differences in network size and use. However, the ant colony algorithm has potential application prospects in research on WMN routing algorithms because of its features such as distributed computing, positive feedback, greedy heuristic search, and strong robustness. This chapter introduces a routing protocol based on the ant colony algorithm for UV communication systems on the basis of an analysis of WMN routing protocols and a UV communication propagation model.