In recent decades, with the significant increase in CO2 concentrations, global warming has brought about an abundance of extreme climate disasters. As the most widely used building material in the world, the technical concept and direction of low carbonization and sustainable production of concrete are of great significance. Cement is the primary source of CO2 emissions throughout the entire life cycle of concrete, as the production of 1MT of cement releases approximately 0.87MT CO2 into the atmosphere. The cement industry alone contributes to approximately 8% of global anthropogenic emissions. Hence, decreasing the cement content in concrete is a crucial step towards achieving low-carbon concrete. In this work, the feasibility of applying a novel polycarboxylate superplasticizer in the mix proportion of low-carbon concrete has been discussed. The study found that when preparing concrete of grades C30 and C50, it is feasible to increase the dosage of the superplasticizer, reduce cement and water consumption, ensure the workability of concrete, and improve its mechanical properties and durability. Through a detailed analysis of concrete’s pore size distribution, the link between enhancing the macroscopic performance of concrete and improving its microscopic pore structure is elucidated. With regards to cost analysis of the proposal based on the present research work, the cost reduction resulting from the decrease in cement is more significant compared to the cost increase of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer beyond the optimal dosage. This holds significant importance for concrete production enterprises.