Hearing loss is a common condition with profound effects on communication, social engagement, and overall quality of life. This chapter, designed for primary care practitioners, outlines the etiology, classification, and clinical evaluation of hearing loss. It covers the distinction between conductive and sensorineural types, highlights common causes—including cerumen impaction, otitis media, presbycusis, and ototoxic medications—and identifies red flags warranting urgent referral, such as sudden hearing loss and associated vestibular symptoms. The goal is to equip primary care providers with practical knowledge and tools to assess, manage, and refer patients appropriately, optimizing care within the primary setting.