Tonsillitis is a common inflammatory condition of the tonsils, often caused by viral or bacterial infections, particularly Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). Diagnosis involves clinical scoring and may include throat swab tests. Management includes symptomatic relief, appropriate antibiotics, and corticosteroids in select cases. Tonsillectomy is considered for recurrent or severe cases based on criteria such as frequency, clinical features, antibiotic use, and documentation. Complications include abscesses, airway obstruction, and post-infectious sequelae. Referral is warranted for complications, dehydration, airway compromise, or failure to respond to therapy. Preventive measures include avoiding contact with infected individuals and considering pneumococcal vaccination.