Acute Otitis Media (AOM) and Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) are common childhood ear conditions. AOM presents with rapid-onset symptoms such as ear pain, fever, and bulging tympanic membrane. Management includes observation or antibiotics based on age, symptom severity, and laterality. Pain relief and follow-up are essential, with treatment failure defined by lack of improvement after 48–72 hours. OME involves fluid in the middle ear without acute infection signs. Most cases resolve spontaneously, but persistent OME requires monitoring for hearing loss, especially in at-risk children. Preventive measures include pneumococcal and influenza vaccination, breastfeeding, and avoiding tobacco smoke exposure.