Diabetic emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), both marked by severe hyperglycemia. DKA typically presents with ketonemia, metabolic acidosis, and dehydration, while HHS features extreme hyperglycemia and high serum osmolality without significant ketosis. Initial investigations include glucose levels, ketones, blood gases, and serum osmolality. Management involves fluid resuscitation, insulin, electrolyte correction, and close monitoring. Hypoglycemia, often due to insulin or sulfonylureas, presents with autonomic (sweating, palpitations) and neuroglycopenic (confusion, drowsiness) symptoms. Treatment is severity-based: oral glucose for mild, IV dextrose or glucagon for severe. Referral is needed for altered consciousness or persistent symptoms.