Menopause is a natural biological transition marked by the end of menstruation and a decline in estrogen levels, typically occurring around age 45–55. Common symptoms include hot flushes, night sweats, mood changes, sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness, and reduced libido. Long-term risks include osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and breast cancer. Management includes lifestyle modifications, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and non-hormonal treatments based on symptom severity and individual risk factors. HRT is effective but requires careful consideration of benefits and risks. Regular review, monitoring, and referral to specialists are essential for persistent symptoms, side effects, or contraindications to HRT.