Child abuse and maltreatment require a high index of suspicion, especially in the presence of risk factors or unexplained injuries. Trauma-informed care emphasizes compassionate history-taking and examination to avoid retraumatization. Key history elements include developmental, family, social, and medical backgrounds, along with prior trauma or violence. Physical exams should prioritize comfort, consent, privacy, and be conducted by trained personnel. Investigations are guided by clinical findings and include labs and imaging. Management involves immediate stabilization, hospital admission, multidisciplinary care, and adherence to legal protocols. Early referral, safeguarding measures, and ruling out medical mimics are essential for protecting and supporting affected children.