Nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis (GN) are pediatric renal conditions requiring timely diagnosis and management. Nephrotic syndrome presents with edema, heavy proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia; GN features hematuria, hypertension, and impaired renal function. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, urinalysis, blood tests, and sometimes biopsy. Management includes steroids, ACEi/ARBs, and supportive care. Monitoring of disease consists of urine protein testing, maintenance of fluid balance, and regular weight measurement. Common complications include infections, thrombosis, and hypertension. Vaccinations (e.g., pneumococcal, influenza) are essential, with live vaccines avoided during steroid therapy. Referral is indicated for atypical presentations, treatment resistance, systemic symptoms, or abnormal labs. Long-term follow-up is critical due to relapse risks and complications.