Childhood respiratory problems are common and range from mild infections to severe conditions requiring urgent care. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) like the common cold and croup are typically self-limiting, while lower tract issues such as bronchiolitis, asthma, and pneumonia may need supportive or pharmacologic treatment. Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical features and severity assessment. Most cases do not require extensive investigations. Management focuses on symptom relief, appropriate use of medications, and monitoring. Preventive measures include vaccination. Referral or admission is warranted for severe symptoms, poor treatment response, or parental concern. Long-term asthma control requires structured stepwise therapy and follow-up.