Varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) result from venous dilation and dysfunction, presenting with leg pain, heaviness, skin changes, and complications like ulceration. Risk factors include age, female sex, obesity, family history, and prolonged standing. Diagnosis relies on duplex ultrasound, with additional tests like Doppler or plethysmography in complex cases. Conservative management includes leg elevation, compression therapy, and wound care. Interventions range from sclerotherapy and foam injections to EVTA and surgery. EVTA offers faster recovery with fewer side effects. Referral is indicated for advanced disease (C3+), suspicion of DVT, or when symptoms impair quality of life despite outpatient care.