This chapter lays out a context for discussing the interconnections between business and biodiversity in light of the management of socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS). First, it provides a general picture of how businesses both impact and depend on biodiversity. It also introduces recent initiatives and associated challenges in making businesses more sustainable and having businesses and industries engage in biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. Second, the chapter discusses the relevance of SEPLS to businesses. In particular, it highlights potential implications that lessons learned from case studies on SEPLS management have for innovative solutions to facilitate more sustainable business decisions and actions. Finally, it outlines the scope, objectives, and organization of the book, including an overview of the case studies compiled in the subsequent chapters.