When light is irradiated on solid (such as ceramic) or powder samples, mirror transmission and diffuse transmission, mirror reflection and diffused reflection can occur; mirror transmission and diffuse reflection determine the whiteness of the sample surface, mirror reflection determines the glossiness of the sample surface, mirror transmission determines the light transmittance of the sample. From the above introduction, there is a certain correspondence between the color, streak, whiteness, luster, and transparency of minerals (see chapter “Whiteness of Minerals,” Table 1), and they are of great significance in identifying minerals. When identifying minerals with the naked eye, mutual verification and supplementation can greatly improve the reliability of the results. During the identification of mineral transparency, it is necessary to consider the color, streak, and luster of the mineral for comprehensive judgment. When identifying the luster grade of a mineral, reference should be made to the streak and transparency of the mineral for judgment.