Many natural minerals and rocks possess aesthetic colors and patterns, and feature good chemical stability, high hardness, relatively good toughness, as well as water-proof and pest-proof properties. Thus, they have irreplaceable and unique decorative functions and efficiencies. The main decorative functional mineral materials include gemstones, stones, ornamental stones, and colored sands. Among them, gemstones and stones are the most important. Based on previous research (gemstone: Zhang 2006; stone: Yang et al. 1994) and the author’s research work in this book, a brief introduction is as follows.