As described in this book (see chapter “Current Status and Challenges in the Classification of Non-Metallic Mineral Resources”), the classification of non-metallic mineral resources is a fundamental task that plays a crucial guiding role in promoting the prospecting, exploration, planning, evaluation, research, teaching, protection, and efficient utilization of non-metallic mineral resources in China. Therefore, for a long time, people have paid great attention to the classification of non-metallic mineral resources, and predecessors have also made many explorations on this (Tao 1987; Zheng 2009; Ma 2018; Chen et al. 2019a, b). Currently, there are three main classification methods for non-metallic mineral resources worldwide: geological genesis (Bates 1959), industrial use (Fisher 1969; Tao 1987; Zhou 1990), and crystallochemistry (Zheng 2009; Ma 2018) (see chapter “Current Status and Challenges in the Classification of Non-Metallic Mineral Resources”). However, since non-metallic mineral resources consist of two main parts: minerals and rocks, with diversity and complexity in genesis, properties, types, and applications, and with the continuous emergence of new mineral species or subspecies, so far, there is still no ideal classification scheme.