Until 2005, chickpea was deemed to be an “orphan” crop due to the immense scarcity of genomic resources, which made molecular breeding very challenging. However, the advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) ushered in a new era for chickpea genomics. The post-genomics era, which was marked by the completion of reference genome sequencing in chickpea, is marked by a massive proliferation of genomic resources in this crop, which includes the genome assemblies, re-sequencing of few thousand lines, diverse array of molecular markers, high density genetic maps, transcriptomes, methylomes, non-coding RNAs, etc. These resources have allowed identification of superior alleles and haplotypes governing various agronomic traits and have proved to be highly significant in facilitating crop improvement at an unprecedented pace. The recent generation of pan-genomes and super-pangenomes, provides insights into the evolutionary history of the species and the founding mechanisms behind speciation. Several success stories of translational genomics are available in chickpea. This includes varieties that have been improved for drought tolerance and Fusarium wilt resistance. Modern genomic tools like genomic selection (GS) offer the potential to speed up molecular breeding and boost productivity gains. However, because many of the identified genes and genomic regions have not been functionally validated, only a limited number of candidate genes can currently be used in crop improvement programs. With recent advances in gene editing, many of these limitations are expected to be addressed, providing a significant momentum to chickpea improvement in the near future.