Presence or Absence
摘要
The presencePresence or absenceAbsence of de are primarily examined in the context of the attributiveAttributive-nounNoun type of modifierModifier-headHead structure, particularly in cases where its presencePresence or absenceAbsence does not alter the meaning. Examples such as kuaicanting (快餐厅 ‘fast food restaurant’) vs. kuai de canting (快的餐厅 ‘a fast restaurant’), or heipiao (黑票 ‘unauthorized stamps’) vs. hei de piao (黑的票 ‘black tickets’), are therefore not included in this discussion.