The previous sections on Chinese parts of speech show highlight the most significant difference between Chinese and Indo-European languages: whether language units are in a “separate relationship” or an “inclusive relationship.” Considering the differences between Chinese and Western languages, and drawing upon a deep understanding of linguistic characteristics, Jiaxuan Shen (沈家煊, Shen 2017c) further attributed this divergence to a profound philosophical background. This backdrop illuminates disparities between Chinese and Western views on categorization. In this section, we briefly outline the key ideas explored in the article.