The study here gives a comprehensive analysis of the pattern of precipitation over the state of Uttarakhand. All 13 districts of the state have been studied for the annual precipitation variations. The precipitation data was acquired from CHIRPS (Climate Hazard Infrared Group Precipitation Station) for the last 30 years from 1991 to 2020. From its analysis, it was found that Uttarakhand receives the maximum precipitation from southwest monsoons. Its highly changing topography leads to great changes in precipitation patterns and weather conditions, and in long run the climatic conditions. The annual trend, as well as the seasonal variations of precipitation, were analysed with the help of a non-parametric test, the Mann–Kendall Method, and the trend’s magnitude was analysed by Sen’s Slope Estimator. There were some significant variations in the trends in different districts due to varying topography. Although the study involved analysis of districts individually meanwhile an analysis of the state suggested that there is a positive trend of precipitation in all four seasons with 1.57 in Winter, 2.11 (max) in Pre-monsoon, 1.53 in Monsoon, and 0.57 (minimum) in post-monsoon. The Sen’s slope suggested that the maximum magnitude was in Monsoon of 36.21 mm and a minimum in Pre-monsoon of 1.08 mm. The two-tailed Mann Kendall test suggested that in Dehradun and Uttarkashi the increasing trend was significant in pre-monsoon season while one-tailed test showed a significant positive trend in Uttarkashi, Pithoragarh and Bageshwar in Winter Season, Pauri, Uttarkashi, Dehradun, and Almora in Pre-Monsoon Season, and Rudraprayag, Tehri, Dehradun, and Almora in Monsoon season. There was no significant increasing trend in the post-monsoon season in any of the districts and but, there was a less significant decreasing trend in some districts, i.e., Nainital, Champawat, Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Almora, and Udham Singh Nagar in the post-monsoon season and winter season for Udham Singh Nagar. These variations in the regions of the state are due to the varying topography from Gangetic plains in the south most regions to the greater Himalayas in the Northernmost regions. This study is intended to help the responsible planners specifically working in the water resources management as well as the corresponding infrastructural development work to have better decisions in the present scenario and can also be a guide to the agriculture sector for deciding which crops to be sown for maximum profit.

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Statistical Analysis of the Last 30 Years of Spaceborne Precipitation Data of Uttarakhand by Non-parametric

  • K. S. Rawat,
  • N. Bisht,
  • S. Kumar,
  • N. Garg,
  • A. Sati

摘要

The study here gives a comprehensive analysis of the pattern of precipitation over the state of Uttarakhand. All 13 districts of the state have been studied for the annual precipitation variations. The precipitation data was acquired from CHIRPS (Climate Hazard Infrared Group Precipitation Station) for the last 30 years from 1991 to 2020. From its analysis, it was found that Uttarakhand receives the maximum precipitation from southwest monsoons. Its highly changing topography leads to great changes in precipitation patterns and weather conditions, and in long run the climatic conditions. The annual trend, as well as the seasonal variations of precipitation, were analysed with the help of a non-parametric test, the Mann–Kendall Method, and the trend’s magnitude was analysed by Sen’s Slope Estimator. There were some significant variations in the trends in different districts due to varying topography. Although the study involved analysis of districts individually meanwhile an analysis of the state suggested that there is a positive trend of precipitation in all four seasons with 1.57 in Winter, 2.11 (max) in Pre-monsoon, 1.53 in Monsoon, and 0.57 (minimum) in post-monsoon. The Sen’s slope suggested that the maximum magnitude was in Monsoon of 36.21 mm and a minimum in Pre-monsoon of 1.08 mm. The two-tailed Mann Kendall test suggested that in Dehradun and Uttarkashi the increasing trend was significant in pre-monsoon season while one-tailed test showed a significant positive trend in Uttarkashi, Pithoragarh and Bageshwar in Winter Season, Pauri, Uttarkashi, Dehradun, and Almora in Pre-Monsoon Season, and Rudraprayag, Tehri, Dehradun, and Almora in Monsoon season. There was no significant increasing trend in the post-monsoon season in any of the districts and but, there was a less significant decreasing trend in some districts, i.e., Nainital, Champawat, Pithoragarh, Bageshwar, Almora, and Udham Singh Nagar in the post-monsoon season and winter season for Udham Singh Nagar. These variations in the regions of the state are due to the varying topography from Gangetic plains in the south most regions to the greater Himalayas in the Northernmost regions. This study is intended to help the responsible planners specifically working in the water resources management as well as the corresponding infrastructural development work to have better decisions in the present scenario and can also be a guide to the agriculture sector for deciding which crops to be sown for maximum profit.