Ensuring safe drinking waterDrinking water supply becomes major developmentDevelopment challenges in Bangladesh. The indicator 6.1 of UN Sustainable Development GoalsSustainable Development Goals (SDG) (SDGs) focusses on achieving safe and affordable drinking waterDrinking water with collective and impartial access for all by 2030. In developing countries, contamination of water with harmful microorganisms, hazardous metal(loid)s, or salts puts a substantial challenge to ensure safe drinking waterDrinking water supply. This study aimed to evaluate the existing conditions of drinking waterDrinking water supply in Patharghata upazila in Bangladesh, and to ascertain the challenges to achieve SDGSustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6.1. In the area, deep and shallow aquifers contain excessive salinity; discouraging people to drink deep or shallow tube well water. Thus, majority of the local inhabitantsInhabitants largely consume pond water without any prior treatment, which indicates that drinking waterDrinking water supply remains in poor condition in Patharghata upazila. Although the government and NGOsNon-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have constructed many pond sand filters (PSFs), most of them do not sustain for a longer period and even some of PSFs become useless within a year. Moreover, contamination with fecal coliform (e.g. E. coli) was observed 83% of samples in sources and 73% of samples in householdsHouseholds; indicating a significant barrier to achieve SDGSustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6.1. It is, therefore, urgently needed to strengthen government support and to take specific strategies and guidelines to achieve SDG 6.1 within 2030 in developing countries like Bangladesh.