This book chapter extensively examines the role of electrochemical biosensors in the diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, offering a concise overview of CVDs and the critical need for advanced diagnostic methods. It intricately details the operational fundamentals of electrochemical biosensors, including their key components—sensing elements, transducers, and detectors—and the mechanisms behind various sensor types such as amperometric, potentiometric, and impedimetric sensors. Highlighting the unique benefits of these biosensors, such as high sensitivity, specificity, portability, and the ability for rapid, real-time analysis, this chapter delves into their application in detecting essential CVD biomarkers like cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, and C-reactive protein. It further explores advancements in electrode materials, design, and nanotechnology integration that significantly boost the performance of biosensors in CVD diagnostics. Addressing development and clinical integration challenges, including sensor stability and the need for validation, the chapter also forecasts future research directions, emphasizing potential improvements through materials science, nanotechnology, and digital health innovations. This comprehensive narrative underscores the transformative impact of electrochemical biosensors on cardiovascular healthcare, envisioning a future where these devices enhance diagnostic accuracy and facilitate personalized treatment approaches.