The widespread diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies indicates a transformative tension that raises concerns about implicit racial bias and reignites debates around the concept of race to justify a presumed superiority of one part of humanity over another, and its repercussions in the scientific field. This dispute highlights the need to explore the connections between institutional and socio-cultural dimensions, projecting the discussion onto a global sphere that encourages reflection on human dimensions and the concept of technological determinism. This review, through a methodical analysis of recent literature ranging from empirical studies to theoretical discussions, aimed to examine the intricate interplay between AI/ML and the principle of non-discrimination, with a specific focus on the innate racial biases within algorithms in AI/ML technologies, their extensive implications, and subsequent outcomes.