Secondary education or high school in China refers to the general upper secondary educationUpper secondary education, which aligns with the International Standard Classification of EducationInternational Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) (ISCED) Level 3. In China, this stage typically includes students aged 15 to 18 years old, corresponding to grade levels 10 to 12, and excludes vocational educationVocational education. This chapter reports the current stage of China’s high school education, focusing on the key themes of educational effectiveness and resource allocation. It utilizes data sourced from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the 2018 PISA database, and official statistics from the Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education (MOE) of China (MOE) and other countries. The data indicates that, in international comparisons, Chinese high school students lead in gross enrollmentEnrollment rates, graduation ratesGraduation rate, and academic performancePerformance. Notable accomplishments in educational infrastructureInfrastructure, such as science labs, multimedia-equipped classrooms, and widespread Wi-Fi accessAccess in schools, are also highlighted. Nevertheless, compared to many developed countries, China faces challenges in several key indicators, including the total spending per full-time student, the proportion of teachers holding a master’s degreeDegreemaster’s degree or higher, and the percentage of students gaining admission to top 4-year universities. This chapter also presents best practices and inspiring stories and within China’s high school education, and it examines recent trends through the lens of the latest research, national policies, and recommendations for the future.