Compulsory educationCompulsory education in China refers to the mandatory, free, and universal education that all school-age children and teenagers receive, which includes 6-years of elementary school and 3-years of junior secondary schoolSecondary educationjunior secondary school (middle school). Nine-years of compulsory educationCompulsory education in China is of great significance because it is closely associated with the healthy growth of hundreds of millions of children, the development of the country, and the future of the nation. This chapter focuses on the latter stage of compulsory educationCompulsory education in China, namely the 3 years of junior secondary educationJunior secondary education (middle school) (middle school), and presents the educational landscape by including both quantitative and qualitative information. This chapter first provides an introduction to compulsory educationCompulsory education and junior secondary education in China; then it highlights important education data of China in an international context. The third section presents representative indicators to reflect the excellence level of junior secondary education in China and the world. The next two sections share best practices in the development of junior secondary education and inspiring stories of educators in this sector. It then reviews the latest literature and research focus on the field of junior secondary education. Lastly, the chapter outlines key policy documents on developing junior secondary education. The Chinese government has been striving to facilitate the well and balanced development of junior secondary education. Significant progress has been made over the years, yet aspects that should be improved and strengthened are also discussed.