Ticks pose significant health risks to humans and domestic animals as they are serving as vectors for a variety of pathogens resulting in huge global economic loss annually. Traditionally, acaricides are used for tick control that can have detrimental effects such as animal and human toxicity, environmental pollution, and the emergence of resistance in ticks against these chemicals. Entomopathogenic fungi, which naturally infect arthropods, have shown potential in causing high mortality among the various tick life stages and have led to their reduced egg-laying capacity during laboratory trials. However, in field applications, the effectiveness of these fungi often falls short of laboratory expectations due to adverse biotic and climatic conditions of the application sites. To enhance the performance of fungal agents in controlling ticks in natural settings, it is crucial to select highly virulent fungal isolates that are also resistant to high temperatures, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and desiccation. Factors that impact the virulence of these fungi include the role of toxic metabolites produced by the fungus in ticks as well as how ticks’ immune systems respond to fungal infections. Here, we are updating the literature reporting the application of fungal biocontrol agents, refining the formulations of fungal spores for more effective tick management, and integrating entomopathogenic fungi into integrated pest management strategies for ticks.

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Using Entomopathogenic Fungi for Tick Control

  • Naunain Mehmood,
  • Hira Muqaddas,
  • Nimra Shahid,
  • Saba Kousar,
  • Furhan Iqbal

摘要

Ticks pose significant health risks to humans and domestic animals as they are serving as vectors for a variety of pathogens resulting in huge global economic loss annually. Traditionally, acaricides are used for tick control that can have detrimental effects such as animal and human toxicity, environmental pollution, and the emergence of resistance in ticks against these chemicals. Entomopathogenic fungi, which naturally infect arthropods, have shown potential in causing high mortality among the various tick life stages and have led to their reduced egg-laying capacity during laboratory trials. However, in field applications, the effectiveness of these fungi often falls short of laboratory expectations due to adverse biotic and climatic conditions of the application sites. To enhance the performance of fungal agents in controlling ticks in natural settings, it is crucial to select highly virulent fungal isolates that are also resistant to high temperatures, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and desiccation. Factors that impact the virulence of these fungi include the role of toxic metabolites produced by the fungus in ticks as well as how ticks’ immune systems respond to fungal infections. Here, we are updating the literature reporting the application of fungal biocontrol agents, refining the formulations of fungal spores for more effective tick management, and integrating entomopathogenic fungi into integrated pest management strategies for ticks.