The sloth bear, Melursus ursinus Shaw, is omnivorous and myrmecophagous in food habits, consuming insects and large amounts of plant matter, particularly fruits. The feeding ecology and diet composition of Melursus ursinus was studied in the Balaram-Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary located in the western part of the Aravali Mountain range, India. Scats were collected from the entire study area. Moreover, 118 quadrat plots of 10 m2 were conducted to record the presence of food resources for Melursus ursinus during the cold season. We examined 64 scats, which contained 62% plant material and 33% animal material, while 5% of scats contained both plant and animal material. The selectivity index showed that Melursus ursinus consumed Zizyphus sp. to a greater proportion than their availability, with less preference for Cassia fistula, Grewia flavescens and Ficus sp. The findings of the study suggest that plantations of wintering fruit species (mainly Zizyphus sp.) and protection of food plants in the forest may restrict Melursus ursinus movements outside the forest and help mitigate human-bear conflicts.