Various environmental contaminants, including endocrine disruptors, pesticides, reactive dyes, and inorganic hazardous substances such as metals, radionuclides, and metalloids, provide substantial risks to ecosystems. These compounds, frequently derived from anthropogenic sources, permeate the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, causing disturbances to the intricate equilibrium of biological systems. The presence of endocrine disruptors and pesticides poses a significant threat to both wildlife and plant life since it has detrimental effects on reproductive and developmental processes. The use of reactive dyes has been found to have a detrimental influence on water quality, hence posing a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. Inorganic hazardous substances, such as heavy metals and radionuclides, exhibit persistence in the environment, leading to enduring detrimental effects on both plant and animal life. The comprehension and mitigation of these pollutants are of utmost importance in order to protect biodiversity, maintain the integrity of ecosystems, and promote sustainable environmental practices. This chapter presents a thorough examination of diverse environmental contaminants, encompassing endocrine disruptors, pesticides, reactive dyes, and inorganic hazardous substances such as metals, radionuclides, and metalloids. The discourse explores the origins, dispersion, and routes of these contaminants within ecological systems. The focus is on comprehending the processes through which these contaminants engage with the environment and the possible ramifications for the health of ecosystems. This study investigates the effects on biodiversity, ecological processes, and the general equilibrium of ecosystems. Moreover, the chapter delves into the examination of possible measures to alleviate the impact of these environmental concerns, as well as the significance of research in tackling them.