Soil salinity is one of the primary concerns for arable land. At low to moderate levels, salt stress impacts plant growth and yields, but extreme salt stress can be devastating to plant development. Global warming is causing saltwater intrusion in to agricultural zones which is causing the salinized areas to grow quickly. To ensure food security, there is an increasing interest in enhancing agricultural productivity, but environmental stresses such as salinity are the major bottlenecks. Plants have developed a variety of defense mechanisms to withstand salt stress. One of the main strategies is the use of miRNAs, which can influence post-transcriptional gene regulation in a variety of contexts. The major goal of this chapter is to explain the miRNA-regulated molecular and physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways involved in salinity stress tolerance in rice. This chapter emphasizes the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in linking plant growth and responses to salinity stress as well as rice grain yield.