Plants are significantly influenced by different environmental cues that negatively impact their growth and yields. This necessitates the improvement of their adaptation to stressful conditions to achieve better yields. Global climate change, particularly high temperatures resulting from greenhouse gas production, has lead to various biochemical, morphological, and physiological changes in plants. At the cellular level, the responses involve transmission of signals, osmolyte production, and activation of defense mechanisms, culminating in the expression of genes responsive to high temperature stress (HTS). The plant heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) perform a significant role in managing responses to HTS. Several studies in the recent years have demonstrated the regulation of HTS-responsive gene expression through microRNAs (miRs), a major class of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). Several of these miRs regulate heat shock activators and repressors in plants. Such interplay between HSFs/HSPs and miRs forms a distinctive strategy to enhance crop performance under stress conditions. It has been observed that pre-exposing plants to shorter durations of high temperature, known as thermopriming, generally leads to improved adaptation of plants when subsequently exposed to HTS. A role for miRs in thermopriming response has also been implicated. This chapter introduces the mechanisms underlying HTS tolerance and extends insights into the role of miRNA in this process.