Inhaled fine particulates, such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and sand dust, are closely associated with the onset of respiratory diseases, especially with allergic disorders. These fine particulates travel through the respiratory tract via inhalation and are deposited deep into the lungs. These deposited particulates are engulfed by alveolar macrophages, which serve as sentinel cells of the lungs, and subsequently removed from the lungs, indicating that alveolar macrophages play a crucial role in clearing particulates in the lungs. On the other hand, some particulates stimulate alveolar macrophages to induce inflammatory responses. Thus, the detailed role of alveolar macrophages in response to inhaled fine particulates is still unclear.