The primary objective of this paper is to shed light on the intricate process of assessing the risks associated with dams. This process becomes particularly challenging due to the presence of multiple hazards, structural aging, and the increasing demands placed on limited resources, which collectively contribute to a significant level of risk. To address the inherent uncertainties and variability in dam failure risk, we introduce the AHP-Cloud theory in this study. The AHP approach, which utilizes judgment-based scaling integrated with cloud models, is presented as a novel method for evaluating dam failure risk. Ultimately, this innovative approach offers an improved system for conducting dam failure assessments. The proposed evaluation method proves to be invaluable in the identification and quantification of dam failure risks, leveraging the power of algorithms and expert insights. By incorporating the principles of the AHP and cloud model, this approach provides a more comprehensive and robust framework for assessing the potential failures of dams.