Effect of Seismic Sequence on the Liquefaction Resistance of Sand Using 1-G Shaking Table Experiments
摘要
Occurrence of repeated liquefaction caused severe damage to the foundations and structures (e.g. 2012 Emilia-Romagna seismic sequence). Limited research works have been reported in understanding the mechanism behind the occurrence of repeated liquefaction. This paper presents the mechanism of liquefaction subjected to sequence of seismic events using 1-g uniaxial shaking table apparatus. A rigid watertight container of dimension 1050 mm × 600 mm in plan and depth of 600 mm was used for testing the sand specimen. The specimen was prepared at 25 and 50% relative density and tested under repeated uniform sinusoidal loading conditions. Loading was applied in the sequence of 0.3 g (1), 0.3 g (2), 0.3 g (3) and 0.3 g (4) with constant dynamic frequency 5 Hz and 1-min shaking duration. Excess pore water pressure was measured using the pore pressure transducers at different depths to observe the occurrence of repeated liquefaction. In addition, induced sand densification after each shaking event was estimated. Reliquefaction mechanism was complex and different from that of the liquefaction subjected to independent shaking events. It is found that the effect of preshaking and shaking induced soil densification are critical in influencing the reliquefaction resistance. Despite the obtained beneficial effects of repeated shaking events, pore pressure ratio increases with the successive application of uniform sinusoidal loading events.