An understanding of nutrient mineralization dynamics and plant growth attributes of thermally digested fertilizer (TDF) derived from rapid organic waste stabilizer (ROWS) is extremely essential for its wider application. Soil quality indicators, cumulative CO2-C evolution, and nutrients (N, P, and K) mineralization dynamics of soil amended with various doses (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 t ha−1) of TDF were investigated over 74 days of incubation. The study revealed that the application of TDF enhanced the net carbon mineralization factor from 2.7% to 24.8%, indicating higher mineralization of organic C. The mineralization of N, P, and K enhanced with increasing the dose from 20 to 80 t ha−1. The concentration of NH4+-N and NO3−-N increased from 48.7 to 71.6 mg kg−1 and 47.5 to 85.9 mg kg−1, respectively, whereas the inorganic P and exchangeable K increased from 255 to 326 mg kg−1 and 654 to 718 mg kg−1, respectively, at the end of incubation. Plant growth experiments with Solanum lycopersicon revealed that the soil amended with 40 t ha−1 of TDF dictated significantly (p < 0.05) higher yield compared to other amendments. The study concluded the high potential of TDF in improving soil nutrient concentration and intensifying crop yield.