The current study investigates the structural behavior of short steel tubular columns filled with concrete (STCFC), exposed to the corrosion process and then strengthened by CFRP strips to treat the corroded columns, and finally subjected to direct concentric and eccentric loads up to the failure. To find out the structural behavior, six specimens of an effective length of 1000 mm, cross-section dimensions of 100 × 100 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 mm for non-corroded columns and 0.68 mm for corroded columns were tested. To know the exact behavior of the tested columns, numerical analysis using Abaqus software was adopted. The experimental results show that the ultimate capacity of the corroded columns decreased by 47 and 44% for concentrically and eccentrically loaded columns, respectively, in comparison with the non-corroded specimens. Also, the ultimate capacity for the corroded-strengthened columns was increased by 152 and 132% for concentrically and eccentrically loaded columns, respectively, in comparison with the corroded specimens. The finite element analysis results were in good agreement with the failure mechanisms of the experimentally tested columns.