Ceramic membranes are becoming a good choice for wastewater treatment applications due to their high chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability, fouling resistance, and longer lifetime. However, ceramic membranes are more expensive compared to their polymeric counterpart due to the higher cost of raw materials and energy-intensive process conditions. In order to reduce the fabrication cost, several researchers proposed cost-effective and locally abundant raw materials such as kaolin, ball clay, feldspar, bentonite, etc. Besides, low-cost membranes can be made using industrial wastes such as fly ash, rice husk ash, and sugarcane bagasse ash. Consequently, low-cost ceramic membranes are becoming attractive options for wastewater treatment generated by various processing industries. In general, food processing industries generate large quantities of wastewater during production, cleaning, and packaging, which are composed of high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS), including several organic and inorganic components. In the last two decades, many low-cost ceramic membranes were developed and used effectively for the treatment of these effluents to meet certain specifications prior to discharging into the water bodies. This chapter envisioned discussing the recent developments in low-cost ceramic membranes and their applications for wastewater treatment in the food processing industries. Among various food processing industries viz. poultry, dairy, edible oil, and beverage industries, dairy processing industries consume large quantities of fresh water and generate a massive volume of wastewater during the processing of various types of dairy products. Therefore, recovery and recycling of wastewater after effective treatment is gaining interest, reducing freshwater consumption. Hence, a particular focus is given to applying low-cost ceramic membranes in dairy wastewater treatment to minimize COD, BOD, TSS, colour, and turbidity. Furthermore, a comparative study on the performance of low-cost ceramic membranes over conventional polymeric and ceramic membranes also is presented.