To address the increasing scarcity of freshwater supplies, there is a growing need to renovate and recycle wastewater to supplement alternative water resources for the non-potable purposes. Widescale reclamation of wastewater necessitates the development of cost-effective, energy-efficient and user-friendly treatment technologies. In comparison to all other processes of wastewater treatment reported in recent literature, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been considered to be extremely efficient for the treatment of high organic-loaded wastewater. MBR systems coupled with ceramic membrane-based filtration units (CMBRs) offer several advantages for efficient wastewater treatment including fouling control, scope of backwashing for regeneration of membrane performance, stability towards aggressive conditions, high resistance to biodegradation and chemical abrasion as well as longer life of the membranes. This chapter deals with different aspects of CMBRs including low-cost ceramic membranes, MBR configurations and performance efficiency of CMBRs for the treatment of organic-pollutant-loaded wastewater. It also provides a lucid discussion of the ecotoxicological aspects and reusability potential of the CMBR-treated wastewater. A comparative assessment has also been made on the efficiency, advantages and limitations of different processes of wastewater treatment reported in recent literature.