The patient, a woman in her 30s, was scheduled for surgery to remove an ovarian tumor. Through a transvaginal ultrasound, the tumor was found to contain a combination of solid and cystic areas. The first step of the plan was to extract the ovarian tumor and proceed with an intraoperative rapid diagnosis. Depending on the nature of the tumor, different procedures were planned: If it were ovarian cancer, staging surgery, including a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, would be carried out. However, if the tumor were non-cancerous, a lymph node dissection would not be performed. The goal of preoperative treatment planning was to differentiate, as much as possible through preoperative imaging studies, between benign and malignant ovarian tumors and potentially determine the tumor’s histological type.