In the twenty-first century, higher-order thinking is classified into 4 parts: critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative thinking. The ability to think critically is one of the essential goals of learning mathematics for students to achieve at school. This research is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) study of 20 Scopus-indexed articles analyzed based on the year of publication, research method, demography, materials, indexing journals, and results of research on the level of critical thinking ability of prospective mathematics teachers in Indonesia which was conducted throughout 2017–March 2023. All data obtained is presented in a quantitative descriptive. The results of SLR research show that there are many studies related to the level of critical thinking ability of prospective mathematics teachers in Indonesia published in 2020. The majority of these studies were conducted using quantitative methods. The areas of Java also dominate this research in an analysis of real and integral calculus materials. The most published publications related to the level of critical thinking ability of prospective mathematics teachers in Indonesia are articles with a Q2 quartile value. Research results show prospective mathematics teachers’ critical thinking ability in Indonesia is still low to medium. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research and provide solutions to improve the critical thinking skills of prospective mathematics teachers, such as making a didactic design. The suggestion for future researchers is to further examine the level of critical thinking skills of prospective teachers in areas outside Java, on materials other than real analysis and integral calculus materials.