This paper combines dynamic modeling, vibration error monitoring, and machine tool information acquisition to propose a new method for the process perception of vibration errors in CNC machine tool spindle systems. A program for extracting and identifying CNC code information was developed and designed. On this basis, a human–computer interaction interface was designed, and a vibration signal acquisition method based on key link G code startup and simulation triggering was designed. Combining process information with error signals, a new vibration process sensing method is proposed based on vibration errors and process processing analysis G codes. Finally, an experimental bench was built, and the effectiveness of the system was verified through experiments.