As China entered the slave-society stage, productivity achieved a significant leap compared with in primitive societies. This period witnessed the refinement of handicraft technology, and the widespread application and constant innovation of bronze ware. Moreover, a preliminary division of agriculture was taking shape, including farming, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries and other sideline productions, laying a solid foundation for the comprehensive development of society. The growing strength of the state and the continuous expansion of its territory not only boosted the prosperity of the socio-economy and culture, but also enabled people to further explore the natural environment in which they lived and to develop a better understanding. Meanwhile, the invention of writing greatly facilitated the recording and dissemination of information, providing a key tool for the accumulation of geological knowledge.