Economics of Industrial Clusters
摘要
We call the phenomenon that enterprises producing a similar product and its upstream and downstream-related products gather in space as industrial clusters. Industrial clusters are ubiquitous. Not only now, but also widely existed in history; not only existed in developed countries, but also in developing countries. For example, in the early days of the British Industrial Revolution, most industries were clustered together, which Marshall called Industrial District (Marshall 1920). In developed countries, industrial clusters can be seen everywhere. M. Porter (1999) enumerates many industrial clusters around the world (mainly developed countries) and emphasizes the important role of industrial clusters in exerting regional or national competitive advantages. After Porter’s monograph was published, the concept of industrial cluster began to be widely quoted. At the same time, with the development of new economic geography, the research on industrial clusters is booming.