During the 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s agricultural land reform has always been the area of greatest concern, and the agricultural land system has also been one of the research topics with the highest output, sustainability, and internationalization. Based on the literature published in major economics journals in China and abroad from the 1980s to the present, this chapter (“Economic Research,” “Management World,” “China’s Rural Economy,” “Agricultural Economic Issues,” “Reform,” “China Land Science,” “China Economic Frontier,” “Institutional Economics Research,” etc.; American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, Journal of Comparative Economics, Journal of Development Economics, Economic Development & Cultural Change, World Development, Land Economics, etc.) focuses on the characteristics and trends of collective land rights system changes and discusses the reasons for the failure of collectivization and the reform of the household contract responsibility system, the characteristics and performance of the collectively owned household contract land system, the stability of tenure and its influence, the scale of farmland and the development of the land market, and the problems and reform paths of the current tenure system.