Atmosphere–biosphere interactions refer to the dynamic interplay between the Earth’s atmospheric components and the biological components of various ecosystems. These interactions are pivotal in shaping the climate, weather patterns, and the chemical composition of the atmosphere, which in turn influence the degradation processes and performance of built infrastructure, such as cement and concrete. The biosphere affects the atmosphere through the emission of biogenic gases and particulates, which can alter atmospheric chemistry and influence weathering processes. Conversely, the atmosphere affects the biosphere by mediating climate conditions that support life, and through deposition processes that can introduce reactive agents into ecosystems.